Skip to main content
methods

The learning-science canon, operationalized.

Eight methods that are the reason Brainback works. Each page has the classical citation, the specific research papers, the cognitive + neural mechanism, a worked example, the daily-practice protocol, and the Brainback surface that runs the method for you.

8 methods1885 → today
8
methods with dedicated pages
Each with citation, research papers, mechanism, worked example, daily protocol.
140 years
of research covered
Ebbinghaus 1885 to Dunlosky et al. 2013 meta-analysis.
1
surface per method (usually)
Each classical method maps cleanly to one Brainback product surface.
the shape of the canon

Eight methods, three clusters.

The methods group cleanly by which product surface operationalizes them. Retrieval-based methods live on the recall queue. Reasoning-based methods live in Learn mode + explain-back. Structure-of-practice methods live in how the queue itself is scheduled.

the understanding half

Reasoning + integration methods

Methods that build integrated understanding, not isolated facts. Operationalized by Learn mode, hint ladder, and explain-back.

the schedule half

Structure-of-practice methods

Methods about HOW to arrange practice — not what to do, but in what order. Operationalized by the recall-queue's default interleaving.

pick a method

Eight methods. Each mapped to a Brainback surface.

These aren’t our methods. They’re the learning-science canon — Ebbinghaus, Roediger, Karpicke, Bjork, Ericsson, Dunlosky. Brainback’s job is to make each of them the path of least resistance instead of the heroic exception.

Roediger & Karpicke

Active recall

Pulling a memory out is stronger than re-reading it in.

Deliberately retrieving information from memory rather than re-exposing yourself to it.

maps to · Spaced recall
Ebbinghaus

Spaced repetition

Each successful review buys you a longer next interval.

Scheduling reviews at expanding intervals to counter the forgetting curve.

maps to · Spaced recall
Attributed to Richard Feynman

The Feynman technique

If you can't explain it, you don't understand it.

Explaining a concept in simple language, in your own words, to reveal understanding gaps.

maps to · Explain-back
Ericsson

Deliberate practice

Practice at the edge of your ability, with immediate feedback.

Focused practice on specific weaknesses at the edge of your ability, with feedback after each attempt.

maps to · Learn mode
Ebbinghaus

The forgetting curve

Retention halves in a day. Then again. Then again.

The exponential decay of memory over time in the absence of review.

maps to · Spaced recall
Rohrer & Taylor

Interleaving

Mix problem types instead of blocking them.

Mixing different problem types or topics in a single study session, rather than blocking them together.

maps to · Spaced recall
Roediger & Karpicke

Retrieval practice

Testing is a learning event, not a measurement event.

Using tests, quizzes, and free-recall as the primary study activity rather than as assessment.

maps to · Learn mode
Dunlosky et al.

Elaborative interrogation

Ask 'why is this true?' at every step.

Generating explanations for why stated facts are true, to build understanding rather than memorization.

maps to · Learn mode
why publish this

Most edtech products invoke “spaced repetition” and “active recall” as marketing. We’re publishing the specific mapping — method → citation → mechanism → Brainback surface — so you can verify the design flows from the research, not the other way around.

If a method on this page maps to a surface that doesn’t exist yet, we’ll say so (currently: none — every method maps to a shipped surface). If a method we should support isn’t here, tell us at hello@brainback.app.

every citation on every page is real. no made-up papers, ever.

methods

Read one. Try the mapped surface.

Active recall + spaced repetition are the two most-replicated findings in learning science. Both are on the free tier.